高铁开通对城市创新质量的影响——基于PSM-DID模型的实证研究

The Impact of High Speed Rail Opening on City Innovation Quality：Empirical research based on PSM-DID model

摘要:

基于2007-2018年中国285个城市面板数据，分别以发明专利申请和实用设计专利申请表示高质量创新和低质量创新，采用PSM-DID法研究高铁开通对城市创新质量的影响，研究发现：(1)高铁开通可以加快创新要素流动、优化创新环境，进而促进城市创新数量和质量的提升；并且这一作用以城市规模为主要因素，呈现出城市间的异质性，高铁开通对大城市创新活动的影响最为显著，激发了小城市的低质量创新。(2)高铁对信息传播并未因通信技术的发展而减弱，科教支出对城市创新能力的影响随高铁开通而增加。高铁效应呈现“先升后降”的趋势，路网密度低的城市需继续投建高铁设施；创新个体应充分利用高铁开通的溢出效应，积极提高自身的创新水平。

Abstract:

Based on panel data of 285 cities in China from 2007 to 2018, high-quality innovations and low-quality innovations were represented by invention patent applications and practical design patent applications. The PSM-DID method was used to study the impact of high-speed rail on urban innovation quality. The study found: (1)The opening of the high-speed railway can accelerate the flow of innovation elements and optimize the innovation environment, thereby promoting the improvement of the quantity and quality of urban innovation; and this role takes the city size as the main factor, showing the heterogeneity among cities. The impact of the activity is most significant, inspiring low-quality innovation in small cities. (2)The high-speed rail's influence on information dissemination has not been weakened by the development of communication technology, and the impact of science and education expenditure on the city's innovation ability has increased with the opening of the high-speed rail. The high-speed rail effect shows a trend of "rising first and then descending". Cities with low road network density need to continue to invest in the construction of high-speed rail facilities; innovative individuals should make full use of the spillover effect of high-speed rail opening and actively improve their own innovation level.