中国企业研发经费投入现状及国际比较

Current Situation and International Comparison of R D Expenditure Investment of Chinese Enterprises

摘要:

企业是开展创新活动的重要主体,加强企业研发经费投入对提升企业技术创新能力至关重要。本文基于《欧盟产业研发投资记分牌(2019)》和调研数据,从研发经费投入及结构视角分析了我国企业创新活动现状,并与世界主要创新型国家进行了国际比较分析。研究发现：我国企业研发经费投入规模不断扩大,企业已经是研发经费投入主体和执行主体；相比国有企业,民营企业更具研发投资动力,是企业研发经费投入主体；我国企业研发经费投入增速较高,但研发经费投资规模和强度低于世界主要创新型国家；我国企业科学研究经费布局明显低于世界主要创新型国家,严重制约企业自主创新能力提升；我国企业基础研究占比偏低与创新特性、企业使命、发展阶段、企业能力、体制机制等因素有关,新时代应重点引导和激励更多企业向“爱迪生象限”和“巴斯德象限”跃升。

Abstract:

Enterprise is a significant main stakeholder for country to carry out innovative activities, therefore it is vital to improve enterprise’s technological innovation ability through increasing the input of R D expenditure. Based on The 2019 EU Industrial R D Investment Scoreboard and survey data, this research analyzes the current situation of Chinese enterprise’s innovation activities from the perspective of intensity and structure of R D expenditure, and conducts the international comparison on this issue with world’s major innovation countries. The results reveal that the scale of Chinese enterprise’s R D expenditure keeps expanding, and enterprise has become country’s main stakeholder on R D expenditure’s investment and implementation. Compared with state-owned enterprise, private enterprise has stronger momentum on R D investment, which plays a dominant role within different types of enterprise. Chinese enterprise has a relatively high growth rate on R D expenditure, however the scale and intensity of R D investment are lower than that of world’s major innovation countries respectively. The allocation of Chinese enterprise’s R D expenditure is also obviously lower than that of world’s major innovation countries, which has already seriously restricted the improvement of enterprises" independent innovation ability. Additionally, Chinese enterprise’s low proportion of basic research is related with different factors including innovation characteristics, enterprise’s mission, development stage, enterprise’s capability, and systematic mechanism etc. Therefore, in the new era, more and more enterprises should be guided and motivated jump towards the direction of "Edison quadrant" and "Pasteur quadrant".