企业智能化升级对劳动力成本的动态影响研究

The Dynamic Impact of Enterprise Intelligence Upgrade on Labor Costs

摘要:

有效调整劳动力成本是企业在数智时代构建竞争优势的重要驱动因素。 与加总全部数字化转型相关词频的研究视角不同,本文利用 2007—2023 年中国沪深 A 股上市公司面板数据,通过构建企业数字化转型中由信息化、数字化向智能化升级指标,实证检验了企业智能化升级对劳动力成本动态影响及其作用机制。 研究发现,在数字化转型前期,信息化和数字化将提升劳动力成本。 进一步向智能化升级时,企业智能化升级可以显著降低劳动力成本。 机制检验发现,人力资本结构调整和雇佣规模调整是企业智能化升级影响劳动力成本动态调整的重要原因。 异质性分析发现,对于民营企业、处于成长期与衰退期的企业,企业智能化升级降低劳动力成本的作用更为显著。 研究结论为对推进企业智能化升级,缓解劳动力成本上升压力,实现企业高质量发展提供了政策启示。

Abstract:

Effective adjustment of labor cost is a crucial factor for enterprises to build competitive advantages in the digital and intelligent era. Different from the research perspective of aggregating all digital transformation-related word frequencies, the panel data of A-share listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen from 2007 to 2023 in China was utilized. By constructing an index of the upgrade from informatization and digitalization to intelligentization in enterprise digital transformation, the dynamic impact and its mechanism of enterprise intelligent upgrade on labor cost were empirically examined. The results show that in the early stage of digital transformation, informatization and digitalization will increase labor cost. When further upgrading to intelligentization, enterprise intelligent upgrade can significantly reduce labor cost. The mechanism test shows that the adjustment of human capital structure and employment scale is an important reason for the dynamic adjustment of labor cost affected by enterprise intelligent upgrade. The heterogeneity analysis indicates that for private enterprises and those in the growth and decline stages, the effect of enterprise intelligent upgrade in reducing labor cost is more prominent. These offers policy inspiration for facilitating the intelligent upgrade of enterprises, alleviating the pressure from the rising labor costs, and realizing high-quality enterprise development.