新型交通基础设施建设与高素质人力资本集聚 ———基于高学历创业人才的发现

The construction of new transportation infrastructure and the inflow of highly educated entrepreneurial talents

摘要:

本文运用2011—2018年中国285个地级市的平衡面板数据实证分析了开通高铁与城市对高学历创业人才吸引力的作用机理。结果表明,开通高铁显著提升了城市对高学历创业人才的吸引力。机制检验表明,开通高铁显著提高了城市的资金环境水平、创新水平和商品要素流动水平,进而提高城市对高学历创业人才的吸引力。异质性分析表明,南方城市开通高铁与城市对具有大学专科和本科学历创业人才的吸引力存在显著正相关关系;在内陆城市开通高铁与城市对具有大学专科学历创业人才的吸引力存在显著的正相关关系;在非(新)一线城市开通高铁与城市对具有大学本科学历创业人才吸引力存在显著的正相关关系。本文研究结论有助于全面理解城市开通高铁对高学历创业人才流动的微观作用机理和差异化影响,对政府调整人才资源在区域间合理流动提供参考和借鉴。当前新一轮科技革命和产业革命深入发展,以高速铁路为代表的新型交通基础设施建设成为推动我国经济高质量发展的国家战略核心之一。 在此背景下,各地政府如何吸引并集聚高素质人力资本,从而驱动区域实现创新和经济增长成为一个亟待探讨的重要问题。

Abstract:

Based on the balanced panel data of 285 prefecture-level cities in China from 2011 to 2018, the impact of the opening of high-speed rail on the city??s attraction of highly educated entrepreneurial talents was explored. The results show that the opening of high-speed rail significantly enhances the city??s attractiveness to highly educated entrepreneurial talents. Mechanism analysis shows that the opening of high' speed rail significantly improves the level of capital environment, innovation and commodity factor flow in the city, and then improves the city's attractiveness to highly educated entrepreneurial talents. Heterogeneity analysis shows that there is a significant positive correlation between the opening of high-speed rail in southern cities and the attraction of cities to entrepreneurial talents with college and bachelor's degrees, the opening of high-speed rail in inland cities and the attraction of cities to entrepreneurial talents with college degrees, and the opening of high-speed rail in non-(new) first-tier cities and the attraction of cities to entrepreneurial talents with college degrees. It is helpful to comprehensively understand the micro mechanism and differential impact of urban high-speed rail on the flow of highly educated entrepreneurial talents, and provide references for the government to adjust the rational flow of human resources between regions. With the current new round of technological and industrial revolution advancing deeply, the construction of new types of transportation infrastructure represented by high-speed rail has become one of the core national strategies for promoting high-quality economic development in China. In this background, how local governments attract and gather high-quality human capital to drive regional innovation and economic growth has become an important issue that urgently needs to be explored.