工业智能化会影响劳动者家庭教育支出吗？

Did Industrial Intelligence Affect the Education Expenditure of Labors '' Family?

摘要:

人力资本投资的变化反映劳动者面对工业智能化影响时的态度，并将从劳动力供给角度塑造未来劳动力市场格局。结合省级面板数据和家庭追踪调查（CFPS）数据，本文从教育支出视角实证检验了工业智能化对劳动者家庭人力资本投资的影响。结果表明，工业智能化会显著地推动劳动者家庭增加教育支出，这在高受教育程度家庭表现得尤为明显。机制检验发现，技能溢价是工业智能化促使劳动者家庭增加教育支出的重要渠道。而对技能溢价具有基础性作用的劳动力市场状况如劳动力供给结构的变化对工业智能化与家庭教育支出的关系具有调节作用，技能劳动力供给丰裕会降低技能溢价进而降低工业智能化对教育支出的提升效应。在劳动力供给结构变化叠加劳动力需求变化等因素影响下，工业智能化与劳动者家庭教育支出的关系不再是线性的，而是存在门槛效应，即工业智能化水平对劳动者家庭教育支出的影响在达到门槛值后有所削弱。最后，本文从如何看待工业智能化以及应对工业智能化带来的影响等方面提出了几点针对性意见。

Abstract:

The change of human capital investment reflects the attitude of workers in the face of the impact of industrial intelligence, and will shape the future labor market pattern from the perspective of labor supply. Based on the provincial panel data and China Family Panel Studies(CFPS) data, the impact of industrial intelligence on the human capital investment of labors '' families was empirically tested from the perspective of education expenditure in this paper. It was shown that industrial intelligence would significantly promote the education expenditure of labors '' families, which was more obvious in families with high education level. In the mechanism tests, it was found that high skill premium was an important channel for industrial intelligence to encourage the families to increase education expenditure. The labor market environment that played a fundamental role in the determination of skill premium, such as the change of labor supply structure, had a moderating effect on the relationship between industrial intelligence and education expenditure. An increasingly supply of skilled labor would reduce the skill premium and then the promotion effect of industrial intelligence on education expenditure. Under the influence of multiple factors such as the change of labor supply structure and the change of labor demand, the relationship between industrial intelligence and labors '' family education expenditure was no longer linear, and there was a threshold effect, that is, the marginal effect of industrial intelligence on the education expenditure of the families was decreasing. Finally, some suggestions on how to treat industrial intelligence and how to deal with industrial intelligence were put forward.