开发区升格对城市创业活跃度的影响

The Impact of Development Zone Upgrading Policy on Entrepreneurial Activity

摘要:

“ 扩权强区” 改革是激发中国开发区发展活力的重要路径。本文以省级开发区升格为国家级开发区为政策冲击,运用2004—2020 年216个地级市的面板数据,采用双重差分法评估了开发区升格政策对城市创业活跃度的影响。研究表明:政策实施能显著促进城市创业活跃度的提升,且对东南沿海地区、产学研发展高及政府效率高的城市具有更强的政策效应。建设创业公共服务平台产生的环境正外部性扩大国内外市场潜能产生的市场规模效应及强化创新激励产生的创新集聚效应是影响开发区升格政策创业激励效应的三个重要机制。进一步研究发现,开发区升格不仅有利于促进所在城市的高质量创业,还通过空间溢出效应带动周边半径 50 ~ 100 千米范围内创业活力的提升。 研究结论为推动以开发区为核心的城市高质量创业生态体系提供有益借鉴。

Abstract:

The reform of “ expanding power and strengthening zones” is an important path to stimulate the development vitality of China’s development zones. The provincial development zone upgrading policy was treated as a policy shock, with panel data from 216 prefecture-level cities during 2004 to 2020 were then taken as research samples, and a difference-in-differences model was built to evaluate the impact of the policy on urban entrepreneurial activity. It is demonstrated that the upgrading provincial development zones significantly improved urban entrepreneurial activity, with stronger policy effects observed in southeast coastal regions, cities characterized by advanced industry-university- research integration, and cities with high governmental efficiency. The provincial development zone upgrading policy??s entrepreneurial incentive effect is driven by three key mechanisms including positive externalities from entrepreneurship public service platform establishment, market expansion effects from enhanced domestic and international market potential, and innovation agglomeration effects from strengthened innovation incentives. Further analysis demonstrated that the provincial development zone upgrading policy not only promoted high-quality entrepreneurship in the cities where these zones are located, but also generated spatial spillover effects enhancing entrepreneurial activity enhancing entrepreneurial activity within a 50 ~ 100 km radius. These findings provide useful references for promoting a high-quality entrepreneurial ecosystem in cities with development zones as the core.