企业使用机器人导致劳资纠纷后是否继续推进机器换人?——基于101家制造业企业的定性比较分析

Whether to Continue Replacing Labor with Machines After Labor Disputes Arising from Corporate Use of Machines? A Configurational Analysis Based on 101 Manufacturing Enterprises

摘要:

以机器换人为代表的工业智能化是中国制造业企业提质增效的重要手段,但也带来了不可忽视的社会后果,如裁员和劳资纠纷等。在这样的压力下,企业能否继续推进机器换人成为一项重要的研究课题。从企业社会责任视角,通过对 101家制造业企业的定性比较分析,发现政府补贴、盈利能力、客户类型、企业类型、企业年龄及竞争强度6个因素相互作用,形成了多条扩大机器换人的路径,分别是:政策补贴驱动型、竞争驱动型和利润驱动型路径。同时,还发现与扩大机器换人路径构成因果非对称性的不扩大机器换人路径,分别是:效率损失型、合法性损失型、双重损失型和合法性保护型路径。本文一方面,深入剖析了不同利益相关者( 如政府、管理层、客户等) 对企业的异质性影响;另一方面,也为企业面临劳资纠纷时是否继续扩大机器换人提供了策略指导与决策依据,帮助企业在合法性寻求和效率性寻求之间寻找平衡点。

Abstract:

The industrial intelligence manifested by replacing labor with machines is an important means for manufacturing enterprises to improve quality and efficiency. However, it also brings undeniable social consequences, such as layoffs and labor disputes. Under such pressure, whether enterprises are able to continue promoting industrial intelligence has become a central research topic. From the perspective of corporate social responsibility and through the configurational analysis of 101 manufacturing enterprises, it is found that six factors, including government subsidies, profitability, customer type, enterprise type, enterprise age and competition intensity, interact with each other to form paths to expand the use of machines, namely: goverment subsidy-driven paths, competition-driven paths, and profit-driven paths. At the same time, it also identified paths where firms reduces the use of machines, including efficiency-loss path, legitimacy-loss path, dual-loss path, and legitimacy-protection path. These findings not only unravel the heterogeneous impacts of different stakeholders ( such as governments, managers, customers, etc. ) on enterprises, but also provide strategic guidance and decision-making framework for enterprises to continue the automation process and to find a balance between operational efficiency and social responsibility when facing labor disputes.