电子商务与零工工资——基于网络兼职招聘大数据的经验研究

E-commerce Expansion and Gig Employment: An Empirical Study Based on Big Data Analysis of Online Gig Jobs Recruitment

摘要:

近年来,电子商务发展催生了大量新型零工就业岗位,但受限于新型就业数据的可得性,鲜有研究关注电子商务对零工工资的影响。为探究电子商务对零工就业工资的影响效应及其作用机制,研究收集网络兼职招聘平台的零工招聘数据,并将之与中华人民共和国商务部公布的城市电子商务示范企业数据相匹配。实证研究发现:电子商务发展可以显著提升当地的零工工资水平,且该结论在考虑内生性问题及一系列稳健性检验后依然成立。机制分析表明,企业集聚效应和创业活跃度提升是电子商务发展促进零工工资水平的两个重要渠道。异质性分析发现,电子商务对零工工资的推动作用在电子商务相关岗位及经济发展水平更高的地区中更明显。因此,地方政府应该通过优化产业布局、提供税收优惠和资金支持等手段,加强电子商务产业园区建设,持续改善创业环境以增加灵活就业机会,并根据地区经济发展水平调整相关政策,从而推动电子 商务与零工经济的高质量发展。

Abstract:

In recent years, the development of e-commerce has spurred the emergence of numerous new forms of gig employment. However, due to the limited availability of data on these new employment types, there has been little research on the impact of e-commerce on gig employment. To investigate the effect of e-commerce on gig wages and its underlying mechanisms, gig recruitment data from online part-time job platforms were collected and matched with city-level e-commerce demonstration enterprise data released by the Ministry of Commerce of the People’s Republic of China. The empirical analysis shows that e-commerce development significantly elevates local gig wage levels, and this conclusion remains valid after accounting for endogeneity issues and conducting a series of robustness checks. Mechanism analysis indicates that firm agglomeration effects and the enhancement of entrepreneurial activity are two crucial channels through which e-commerce development promotes gig wage growth. Heterogeneity analysis reveals that the positive impact of e-commerce on gig wages is more pronounced in e-commerce-related jobs and regions with higher economic development. Therefore, local governments should strengthen the construction of e-commerce industrial parks by optimizing industrial layouts, offering tax incentives and financial support, and continuously improving the entrepreneurial environment to increase flexible employment opportunities, and adjusting the policies according to the regional economic development level to foster the high-quality development of both e-commerce and the gig economy.