发展农业新质生产力：理论框架与综合评价

Developing New Quality Productivity in Agriculture: Theoretical Framework and Comprehensive Evaluation

摘要:

新质生产力为我国农业发展带来了新目标、新内涵与新需求。本文从劳动要素需求、结构承载与功能取向三个维度出发,以马克思主义政治经济学为基础,提出农业新质生产力的理论框架。 通过创新地将模糊综合评价与熵权法结合,建立了涵盖共计33个具体指标的农业新质生产力评价体系。 基于评价结果与障碍度模型,对30个省份(因数据缺失,未包含西藏地区及港澳台地区)与七大地理区域的农业新质生产力发展水平、主要障碍因素与时空分异特征进行了综合分析。结果表明,我国农业新质生产力水平整体呈现上升趋势,并保持着5. 67%的年均增长率,但西北与西南地区受制于经济基础与资源禀赋,发展较为滞后。当下,产业承载水平、劳动资料水平与劳动对象水平不足,成为制约农业新质生产力发展的主要因素。最后,本研究提出构建跨区域的模块化解决方案,通过转化经济优势为技术优势等四种策略建议,破解不同障碍因素的传导机制,推动农业新质生产力的快速发展。

Abstract:

The new quality productive forces brings new goals, new connotations and new needs for the agricultural development of China. A theoretical framework was proposed for the new quality productive forces of agriculture based on three dimensions, labor factor demand, structural carrying and functional orientation, and on the basis of Marxian political economy. Through the innovative combination of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation and entropy weight method, an evaluation system of agricultural new quality productive forces covering 33 specific indicators is established. Based on the evaluation results and the obstacle degree model, a comprehensive analysis was conducted on the development status, the main obstacle factors, and spatial and temporal variations of agricultural new quality productivity in 30 provinces (Due to the lack of data, the statistical data mentioned here do not include the Tibet Autonomous egion, the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, the Macao Special Administrative Region and Taiwan Province. ) and seven geographic regions of China. The results show that the level of new agricultural productivity in China as a whole shows an upward trend and maintains an average annual growth rate of 5. 67%, but the northwest and southwest regions are constrained by the economic foundation and resource endowment, and the development is lagging behind. Nowadays, the level of industrial carrying capacity, labor materials and labor objects are insufficient, which become the main factors restricting the development of agricultural new quality productive forces. Finally, a cross-regional modular solution is proposed including four strategies such as transforming economic advantages into technological advantages, cracking the transmission mechanism of different obstacle factors, promoting the rapid development of new agricultural productivity.