聚集还是分散: 城市空间结构对创新要素 配置的影响研究 ———来自 36 个青年发展型试点城市的证据

Agglomeration or Dispersion? How Urban Spatial Structure Shapes Innovation Allocation in China􀆳s Youth Development Pilot Cities

摘要:

青年发展型城市的崛起源于中国城市发展普遍性问题与青年发展特殊性问题的交汇。城市空间结构的聚集或分散直接影响青年人才的集聚和创新要素的配置效率。基于 2008—2022年的 LandScan 高分辨率全球人口分布数据(LandScanGlobal Population Database),实证分析青年发展型城市的空间结构对创新要素错配的影响。研究发现,青年发展型城市的空间分散程度位于创新要素错配 U 型结构的左侧,且有进一步聚集的趋势。要素动态流动机制显示,青年发展型城市的空间结构通过创新资本和创新人员的双向流动缓解了创新要素错配,特别是创新人员的流动对周边城市有利。静态机制表明,要素的创新性配置环境通过缓解青年发展型城市聚集趋势下的创新资本错配,进一步优化了资源配置。研究结论支持在青年发展型城市规划中采用合理的空间分散策略,以优化创新要素配置,并提出了相应的政策建议。

Abstract:

The emergence of youth development-oriented cities originates from the intersection of common urban development issues and specific youth development challenges in China. Urban spatial structure, whether agglomerated or dispersed, directly influences the agglomeration of young talent and the allocation efficiency of innovation factors. Based on LandScan Global Population Database from 2008 to 2022, the impact of the spatial structure of youth development-oriented cities on innovation factor misallocation was empirically analyzed. It was found that the degree of spatial dispersion in these cities lies on the left side of the “U-shaped” structure of innovation factor misallocation, with a further trend toward agglomeration. Further analysis of the dynamic flow mechanism reveals that the spatial structure alleviates innovation factor misallocation through the bidirectional flow of innovation capital and innovators, particularly with the flow of innovators benefiting surrounding cities. Static mechanism analysis indicates that the environment for innovative factor allocation optimizes resource allocation by mitigating innovation capital misallocation under the agglomeration trend in youth development-oriented cities. The research supports the adoption of reasonable spatial dispersion strategies in youth development-oriented city planning to optimize the allocation of innovation factors, and corresponding policy recommendations are proposed.