技术引进、自主创新与农产品加工企业就业动态

Technology introduction, independent innovation and employment dynamics of agricultural products processing enterprises

摘要:

基于2000-2021年252家上市农产品加工企业数据,探究企业技术引进与自主创新对就业创造率、破坏率、净增长率与再配置率的影响,从企业全要素生产率效应、资本配置效应及海外市场拓展效应三方面构建微观作用机制并实证分析,进一步从就业技能结构与职业结构两方面探讨了企业技术引进与自主创新对就业再配置率的影响。研究发现:农产品加工企业技术引进与自主创新能促进就业创造,抑制就业破坏,提高就业净增长率与就业再配置率,且自主创新对就业动态的促进作用显著于技术引进。且企业全要素生产率、资本配置效率与拓展企业海外市场的中介作用显著。非国有、劳动密集型农产品加工企业技术引进、自主创新对就业动态的影响显著于国有、资本密集型企业。进一步研究表明,自主创新能显著增加高、低技能员工数量,增加常规任务属性与抽象任务属性员工数量,其显著性强于技术引进。

Abstract:

Based on the data of 252 listed agricultural processing enterprises from 2000 to 2021, this paper explores the impact of technology introduction and independent innovation on employment creation rate, destruction rate, net growth rate and reallocation rate, and constructs a micro-mechanism from three aspects of total factor productivity effect, capital allocation effect and overseas market expansion effect of enterprises and makes an empirical analysis. This paper further discusses the influence of technology introduction and independent innovation on the employment replacement rate from the aspects of employment skill structure and occupation structure. The results show that technology introduction and independent innovation can promote employment creation, restrain employment destruction, and increase the net employment growth rate and employment replacement rate of agricultural product processing enterprises, and independent innovation has a more significant promoting effect on employment dynamics than tec