农业生产中的雇工约束、技术采纳与产出效率

Labor Constraints, Technology Adoption Behaviour and Facility Vegetable Output Quality

摘要:

为探究设施蔬菜生产在雇工约束条件下的产出效率问题,在河北省1147个设施蔬菜种植户样本的基础上,构建了雇工约束及其分维度对蔬菜生产影响的分析框架。结果表明,雇工约束是农户面临的关键障碍,供给不足、成本高昂及监督困难均抑制了蔬菜产出效率;不同规模设施蔬菜种植户受雇工约束的影响程度呈现差异,中等规模农户因资源有限,灵活性不足,调整刚性较大的特点使其对雇工约束最为敏感。进一步分析发现,劳动节约型技术的采纳可以有效缓解雇工约束对蔬菜产出的负面影响,且大规模农户在劳动节约型技术采纳上的调节效应更为显著。本文提供了中等规模农户在设施蔬菜生产中面临的挑战的经验证据,并强调在设施农业现代化进程中,必须重视农村劳动力配置的结构性问题,制定差异化管理策略以满足农业雇工的多元需求。

Abstract:

Based on 1147 facility vegetable farmers in Hebei Province, an analytical framework was constructed to examine the effects of labor constraints and their dimensions on vegetable production. The results showed that labor constraints were key obstacles faced by farmers, and insufficient supply, high costs, and supervision difficulties all reduced vegetable output quality. The degree of impact varied across farm scales, with medium-scale farmers being most sensitive to labor constraints due to limited resources, insufficient flexibility, and high adjustment rigidity. Further analysis indicated that the adoption of labor-saving technologies effectively alleviated the negative effects of labor constraints on vegetable output, with large-scale farmers showing a more significant moderating effect in technology adoption. Empirical evidence was provided for the challenges faced by medium-scale farmers in facility vegetable production, highlighting the need to address structural issues in rural labor allocation and to formulate differentiated management strategies to meet diverse demands for agricultural labor in the process of facility agriculture modernization.