开放式创新何以有效：类型区分与影响机制

Enabling Effective Open Innovation: Typologies and Influencing Mechanisms

摘要:

开放式创新作为一种新的创新范式,需要探讨其如何有效发挥作用。本文同时考察内向型与外向型开放式创新,探讨两类开放式创新对企业绩效的不同影响程度与机制。 实证结果表明: ①内向型开放式创新对企业绩效有正向促进作用;外向型开放式创新与企业绩效呈现倒 U 型关系,即存在拐点效应。②在影响机制上,内向型开放式创新主要通过提升敏捷研发能力,促进绩效提升;而外向型开放式创新主要通过提升敏捷商业化能力,促进绩效提升。③不同规模的企业采用两种开放式创新的有效程度不同:企业规模正向调节内向型开放式创新与绩效的正向关系;正向调节外向型开放式创新与绩效的倒 U型关系。 研究成果深化了对不同类型开放式创新的理解,对企业如何有效创新、开放兼容同时自主可控提供了启示。

Abstract:

Open innovation, as a novel paradigm of innovation, calls for deeper exploration of how it can be effectively leveraged. Both inbound and outbound open innovation were examined to assess their distinct impacts on firm performance and underlying mechanisms. The empirical results indicate that, firstly, inbound open innovation has a positive effect on firm performance, while outbound open innovation shows an inverted U-shaped relationship with firm performance, indicating a threshold effect. Secondly, in terms of mechanisms, inbound open innovation primarily enhances firm performance by improving agile R&D capabilities, while outbound open innovation does so by strengthening agile commercialization capabilities. Thirdly, firm size moderates the effects of both types of open innovation. It positively moderates the relationship between inbound open innovation and performance, and also strengthens the inverted U-shaped relationship between outbound open innovation and performance. These findings enrich the understanding of different open innovation types and offer insights into achieving effective, open, and autonomous innovation.