全球跨境数据流动网络的动态演变与政策响应：多国比较与战略启示

Dynamic Evolution of the Global Cross-Border Data Flow Network and Policy Responses: Multi-Country Comparison and Strategic Implications

摘要:

跨境数据流动是数字经济时代的关键议题与大国博弈焦点。为此,提出“网络结构-节点影响力-政策博弈” 三维理论框架,基于TeleGeography数据库的国际带宽数据,运用复杂网络分析方法,构建了2018年与2022年全球跨境数据流动网络,揭示其拓扑结构演化特征及关键节点国家的控制力变化。研究发现:全球跨境数据流动规模持续扩大,网络联系日益紧密,多极化趋势显著,但主导权仍集中于美国、德国等发达国家;中国地位持续上升。进一步筛选5个典型经济体分析其政策立场差异:美国从自由流动转向“有条件” 监管,欧盟强化数据保护标准,中国平衡安全与开放,新加坡推动国际合作,俄罗斯侧重数据本地化。研究结论为理解跨境数据流动发展态势及中国制定相关策略提供了科学依据。

Abstract:

Cross border data flow represents a critical issue in the digital economy era and a focal point of strategic competition among major powers. A three-dimensional analytical framework integrating “network architecture-nodal influence-policy dynamics” was proposed. Based on international bandwidth data of the TeleGeography database, complex network analysis methods were applied to construct global cross-border data flow networks for 2018 and 2022, revealing the evolutionary characteristics of their topological structures and changes in the control power of key node countries. The findings indicate that the scale of global cross-border data flows continues to expand, the network connection is becoming increasingly close, and the trend of multipolarization is significant. But dominance remains concentrated in developed countries such as the United States and Germany. China’s standing continues to elevate. Five typical economies are further selected to explore differences in their policy stances: the United States shifts from free flow to “ conditional” regulation, the European Union strengthens data protection standards, China balances security and openness, Singapore promotes international cooperation, and Russia focuses on data localization. Empirical evidence is provided for understanding the evolution of cross-border data flows, and insights are offered for policy formulation regarding China’s digital governance strategies