政府采购能否推动企业创新质量的提升？——基于政府采购合同的经验证据

Can Government Procurement Improve the Quality of Enterprise Innovation: An Empirical Analysis Based on Government Procurement Contracts

摘要:

近年来,我国创新已经进入从“量” 向“质” 发展的新阶段,支持创新的供给侧政策乏力,如何激活需求侧政府采购政策的“新马车”功能,成为社会各界关注的焦点。本文利用 2015—2021年沪深A股3633家上市公司数据,匹配11887份政府采购合同数据与 134 余万条专利数据,实证检验政府采购对企业创新质量的提升效应和影响机制。研究结果表明,政府采购显著推动企业创新质量的提升,并且通过扩大企业市场需求及通过缓解企业融资约束两种机制显著提升企业创新质量。异质性分析表明,政府采购更能促进中小企业、非国有企业和战略新兴产业企业的创新质量提升。基于此,我国应进一步细化政府采购政策和实施方案。提升政府采购的适配性,推动企业高质量创新发展。

Abstract:

In recent years, China's innovation has entered a new stage of development from “ quantity” to “quality”, and the supply side policies supporting innovation are weak. How to better play the role of the “new carriage” of demand side government procurement policies has become an increasingly concerned issue in all sectors of society. Using data from 3633 Shanghai and Shenzhen A-share listed companies from 2015 to 2021, along with 11887 government procurement contract records and over 1.34 million patent data entries, the enhancing effect and influencing mechanisms of government procurement on corporate innovation quality were empirically examined. The findings indicate that government procurement significantly promotes the improvement of innovation quality in enterprises, and significantly enhances the innovation quality of enterprises through two mechanisms: expanding market demand and alleviating financing constraints. Heterogeneity analysis shows that government procurement can better promote the improvement of innovation quality in small and medium-sized enterprises, non-state-owned enterprises, and strategic emerging industry enterprises. Based on these results, it is recommended that China further refine its government procurement policies and implementation plans, enhance their adaptability, and promote high-quality innovation and development among enterprises.