供应链网络位置与制造业企业数字化转型 ——基于社会网络分析的视角

Supply-chain Network Location and Digital Transformation of Manufacturing Enterprises: A Perspective of Social Network Analysis

摘要:

制造业数字化转型已然成为我国经济高质量发展和实现制造强国目标的必经之路。企业的数字化转型程度深受其所嵌入供应链网络的影响，网络中的位置更是企业获取、整合与撬动数字化转型资源的关键杠杆。本文基于2010—2022年沪深Ａ股制造业上市企业及其供销关系构建供应链网络，采用网络中心性和结构洞来衡量企业在供应链网络中的位置，并对网络位置影响企业数字化转型的效果进行分析与检验。研究发现，当企业处在网络中心性越高、结构洞越丰富的位置时，企业数字化转型的程度越高。机制检验显示，企业在供应链网络中的优势位置，通过商业信用、创新能力和政府支持等收益，推动企业的数字化转型。接着，提供了产权性质、市场化程度和要素禀赋等差异下，供应链网络位置如何影响企业数字化转型的证据。进一步研究发现，经济政策的不确定性削弱了供应链网络位置优势对数字化转型程度的推动作用。研究结论为促进企业数字化转型提供了社会网络层面的视角，也为企业利用供应链网络获取资源、信息以及实现高质量发展提供一定参考。

Abstract:

The digital transformation of manufacturing is a necessary path for high-quality economic development and achieving manufacturing strength in China. The level of enterprise digital transformation is deeply influenced by the supply chain network in which it is embedded. The position within the network acts as a key lever for obtaining, integrating, and leveraging digital transformation resources. A supply chain network is constructed using data from Shanghai and Shenzhen A-share manufacturing listed enterprises and their supplier-customer relationships from 2010 to 2022. Network centrality and structural holes are used to measure an enterprise’s position in the supply chain network. The impact of network position on enterprise digital transformation is analyzed and tested. It is found that higher network centrality and richer structural holes lead to a higher degree of enterprise digital transformation. Mechanism analysis shows that an advantageous network position promotes digital transformation through benefits such as commercial credit, innovation capability, and government support. Evidence is further provided on how this effect varies based on ownership nature, marketization level, and factor endowments. Additional research indicates that economic policy uncertainty weakens the promoting effect of network position advantages on digital transformation. The conclusions offer a social network perspective for advancing enterprise digital transformation. It also provides references for enterprises to acquire resources and information through supply chain networks to achieve high-quality development.