数字经济对劳动力市场分割的影响研究——来自中国城市面板的经验证据

Research on the impact of the digital economy on labor market segmentation: Empirical evidence from China’ s urban panel data

摘要:

打破劳动力市场分割是构建全国统一大市场与实现高质量发展的重要内容。 基于中国城市面板数据,分析了数字经济对劳动力市场分割的影响。 研究发现:第一,数字经济对劳动力市场分割的影响具有先增强后削弱的倒 U 型特征,这一结论在内生性处理和稳健性检验后依然成立。 第二,数字经济对劳动力市场分割的影响存在区域异质性、产业结构异质性及经济基础异质性,东部与中部地区、第三产业占比较高地区及经济发达地区的数字经济发展对劳动力市场分割具有显著的倒 U型影响,而西部与东北部地区、第三产业占比较低地区及经济欠发达地区不具有显著影响。 第三,人力资本投资和产业结构升级是数字经济影响劳动力市场分割的重要中介机制,当数字经济发展水平超过 0.270 时能够通过促进人力资本投资削弱劳动力市场分割,当数字经济发展水平超过 0.337 时能够通过产业结构升级削弱劳动力市场分割。 第四,数字经济对劳动力市场分割的影响具有空间溢出效应。 研究结论为深刻认识数字经济在破除全国统一大市场卡点堵点中的作用提供了经验依据,也为加快构建全国统一大市场、实现高质量发展提供了重要的政策启示。

Abstract:

Breaking labor market segmentation is recognized as a crucial aspect for building a unified national market and achieving high-quality development. An analysis of the impact of the digital economy on labor market segmentation was conducted using urban panel data from China. Firstly, the impact of the digital economy on labor market segmentation is found to exhibit an inverted U-shaped pattern, initially strengthening and subsequently weakening, which is confirmed to remain valid after endogeneity and robustness checks. Secondly, the influence of the digital economy on labor market segmentation is shown to vary by region, industrial structure, and economic foundation. The development of the digital economy in eastern and central regions, regions with a high proportion of the tertiary industry, and economically developed regions exerts a significant inverted U-shaped impact on labor market segmentation, while no significant impact is observed in western and northeastern regions, regions with a low proportion of the tertiary industry, and economically underdeveloped regions. Thirdly, human capital investment and industrial structure upgrading are identified as important mediating mechanisms through which the digital economy affects labor market segmentation. When the development level of the digital economy exceeds 0. 270, labor market segmentation is weakened through the promotion of human capital investment. When the development level of the digital economy exceeds 0. 337, labor market segmentation is weakened during industrial structure upgrading. Fourthly, the impact of the digital economy on labor market segmentation has a spatial spillover effect. The research conclusion provides empirical evidence for a profound understanding of the role of the digital economy in resolving the bottlenecks and obstacles of the national unified market and also offers important policy implications for accelerating the construction of a national unified market and achieving high-quality development.