解锁数据红利:数据要素开放驱动企业创新——基于公共数据平台上线的证据

Unlocking Data Dividends: How Data Element Openness Drives Corporate Innovation—Evidence from the Launch of Public Data Platforms

摘要:

在数据要素上升为国家基础性战略资源的背景下,解构公共数据开放这一中国式制度创新的经济效应,成为阐释数字经济时代“ 有为政府与有效市场” 辩证关系的关键切口。通过中国 217个地级市政府数据平台上线数据,构建准自然实验场景下的多期双重差分( DID) 识别框架,在因果推断层面实证检验公共数据要素共享对企业创新行为的结构性重塑机制。研究发现,公共数据开放能够促进企业创新。从制度性约束层面,公共数据开放通过优化营商环境、改善政企关系促进企业创新。从要素供给层面,公共数据开放通过企业运营能力的提升、企业间交流的增加与研发不确定性的降低促进企业创新。在数字经济政策供给强度高、社会信用高的地区,以及对于民营企业、小型企业和战略性新兴产业企业,公共数据开放对企业创新的影响更大,且该影响只存在于基础良好和高质量数据的开放中。拓展分析发现,公共数据对企业管理者的决策行为具有修正效应,而对企业的创新行为具有掩蔽效应。研究结果为阐释中国式现代化进程中数据治理的制度优势提供理论注脚,为全球数字经济发展贡献东方智慧方案。

Abstract:

Against the backdrop of data elements being elevated to a national foundational strategic resource, the economic effects of public data openness, a unique institutional innovation in China, are deconstructed. This serves as a crucial lens for explaining the dialectical relationship between an “active government and an effective market” in the digital economy era. Utilizing data on the launch of government data platforms in 217 prefecture-level cities in China, a multi-period difference-in-differences ( DID) identification framework was constructed under a quasi- natural experiment setting. The structural reshaping mechanism of public data element sharing on corporate innovation behavior was empirically examined at the causal inference level. It is found that public data openness can promote corporate innovation. From the perspective of institutional constraints, public data openness facilitates corporate innovation by optimizing the business environment and improving government- enterprise relations. From the perspective of factor supply, public data openness promotes corporate innovation through the enhancement of corporate operational capabilities, increased inter-firm exchanges, and reduced R&D uncertainty. The impact of public data openness on corporate innovation is found to be greater in regions with high digital economy policy supply intensity and high social credit, as well as for private enterprises, small enterprises, and strategic emerging industry enterprises. This effect is also observed only in the openness of well-established and high-quality data. Further analysis reveals that public data has a corrective effect on the decision-making behavior of corporate managers, while it exhibits a masking effect on corporate innovation behavior. These findings provide theoretical underpinnings for explaining the institutional advantages of data governance in the process of Chinese modernization and contribute an Eastern wisdom solution to global digital economic development.