开放赋能绿色：数字服务贸易开放对企业供应链绿色化的影响研究

Open and Empower Green: Research on the Impact of Digital Service Trade Opening on the Greening of Enterprise Supply Chains

摘要:

在全球价值链重塑与“双碳”目标约束的双重背景下，探究数字服务贸易开放对企业供应链绿色化的影响效应与作用机理，对于实现经济高质量发展具有重要意义。本文基于2014－2023年中国上市公司数据，通过融合OECD数字服务贸易限制指数与全国投入产出表构建多维度数字服务贸易开放指数，并从环境、运营、经济绩效三个维度测度企业供应链绿色化水平，实证检验了二者的内在关联。研究发现：数字服务贸易开放显著提升了企业供应链绿色化水平，该结论在经过熵平衡匹配与工具变量法处理后依然稳健。机制分析表明，数字服务贸易开放主要通过数字化治理、供应链资源配置优化以及国际化扩张三条路径重塑供应链绿色生态。异质性分析显示，该效应在成长期企业、绿色转型意愿强及高管具海外背景的样本中更为突出；行业层面，数字经济与高新技术行业的敏感性更高；地区层面，该促进作用则呈现出对服务业发展水平与数字基础设施的显著依赖。进一步研究发现，数字服务贸易开放不仅推动了绿色转型，还通过绿色化路径显著提升了供应链的韧性与安全水平。本文研究不仅在测度方法上提供了新的微观证据，也为理解数字开放如何协同促进供应链“绿色”与“安全”提供了政策启示。

Abstract:

Under the dual background of global value chain restructuring and "dual carbon" goal constraints, the impact and mechanism of digital service trade liberalization on the greening of corporate supply chains are explored, which is of great significance for achieving high-quality economic development. Based on the data of Chinese listed companies from 2014 to 2023, a multi-dimensional digital service trade liberalization index was constructed by integrating the OECD Digital Service Trade Restrictiveness Index with national input-output tables. The greening level of corporate supply chains was measured from three dimensions: environment, operations, and economic performance, and the internal correlation between the two was empirically tested. It was found that digital service trade liberalization significantly improves the greening level of corporate supply chains. This conclusion remains robust after processing with entropy balance matching and the instrumental variable method. Mechanism analysis shows that the green supply chain ecosystem is reshaped by digital service trade liberalization mainly through three paths: digital governance, supply chain resource allocation optimization, and international expansion. Heterogeneity analysis indicates that this effect is more prominent in growth-stage enterprises, those with strong green transformation intentions, and samples where executives have overseas backgrounds. At the industry level, higher sensitivity is observed in digital economy and high-tech industries. At the regional level, the promotional effect shows a significant dependence on the development level of the service industry and digital infrastructure. Further research finds that digital service trade liberalization not only promotes green transformation but also significantly enhances the resilience and security of the supply chain through the greening path. New micro-evidence is provided in this study regarding measurement methods, and policy enlightenment is offered for understanding how digital openness synergistically promotes "greenness" and "security" in supply chains.