人工智能对管理学理论的冲击与颠覆

The Impact and Disruption of Artificial Intelligence on Management Theories

摘要:

新一轮科技革命催生了以人工智能为基础的新型技术经济范式，其对管理学体系理论产生全方位的冲击，并对支撑管理学理论的底层逻辑以及部分理论产生较大程度的颠覆。其中，人工智能作为一种新型技术经济范式深度参与到管理活动之中，其对“管理环境-管理主体-管理对象-管理工具-管理机制与模式”的管理学理论分析框架产生深刻冲击与颠覆，表现为管理环境以AI驱动的“技术-经济”范式转变加速推动管理环境智能化生态化转变、管理主体呈现出AI智能体成为管理决策主体、管理对象从实体物理空间转向数实融合下的“人-物-数据-算法”、管理工具以人机共生实现工具智能化发展、超级个体、智能化与平台生态化成为新模式与新机制。与此同时，人工智能全方位参与到管理活动之中从根本上冲击了“人的主体性”这一核心前提，并对人性假设理论、战略决策理论、资源配置理论与价值创造理论这四类管理学主体理论产生系统性冲击与颠覆。未来，需要加快推动人工智能作为强管理主体的决策方法与决策评估体系研究，并探索基于人工智能的新型管理模式研究以及探索基于人工智能的企业社会责任治理体系构建。

Abstract:

The new round of technological revolution has given rise to a new technology-economic paradigm based on artificial intelligence (AI), which exerts comprehensive impacts on the theoretical system of management and fundamentally disrupts the underlying logic and certain theories supporting it. As a new technology-economic paradigm, AI deeply participates in management activities, profoundly reshaping the analytical framework of management theories—namely, "management environment, management subject, management object, management tools, and management mechanisms and models." Specifically, AI-driven shifts in the "technology-economy" paradigm accelerate the transformation of management environments toward intelligent and ecological systems; AI agents emerge as key decision-making subjects in management; management objects shift from physical spaces to hybrid digital-physical systems involving "humans, objects, data, and algorithms"; management tools evolve through human-machine collaboration toward greater intelligence; and new models and mechanisms such as super individuals, intelligent operations, and platform-based ecosystems take shape. Meanwhile, the pervasive integration of AI fundamentally challenges the core premise of "human agency" in management, generating systemic disruptions to four foundational theoretical domains: human nature assumptions, strategic decision-making, resource allocation, and value creation. Future research should accelerate the development of decision-making methods and evaluation systems for AI as a powerful management actor, explore new management models driven by AI, and construct corporate social responsibility governance frameworks in the context of artificial intelligence.