技术市场中介与企业协同创新——基于国家技术转移中心设立的准自然实验

Technology Market Intermediaries and Enterprise Collaborative Innovation: Evidence from a Quasi-Natural Experiment Based on the Establishment of National Technology Transfer Centers

摘要:

科技成果转化率低下与产学研供需脱节是目前制约中国创新驱动发展战略深入推进的结构性瓶颈。如何通过技术市场中介的制度性创新,疏通科技成果转化渠道并激活企业协同创新动能,是当前理论研究与政策实践共同面临的核心命题。国家技术转移中心的设立,正是政府构建专业化技术市场中介体系、破解科技成果供需脱节困境的重要制度安排。以2010—2022年A股上市公司为研究样本,借助国家技术转移中心设立的准自然实验,运用双重差分法识别技术市场中介对企业协同创新的影响效果和作用机制。研究发现:国家技术转移中心的设立显著促进了企业协同创新,该结论在经过一系列稳健性检验后仍然成立。机制检验表明,国家技术转移中心有效发挥了技术市场中介作用,通过促进知识溢出和推动资源整合两条路径对企业协同创新产生积极影响。进一步分析发现,上述促进效应在技术市场发展更完善的地区、基础研发能力更强的企业及技术资源流畅度更高的地区表现更为突出,揭示了“转出去—接得住—畅流通”三位一体的协同创新促进逻辑。研究结论为地方政府进一步完善技术市场中介体系、促进科技成果转化提供了增量证据,对优化创新资源配置效率、激活企业间协同创新活力具有重要的现实意义。

Abstract:

The low rate of technology transfer and the disconnect between industry, academia, and research supply and demand are structural bottlenecks currently hindering the in-depth advancement of China’s innovation-driven development strategy. How to unclog technology transfer channels and activate collaborative innovation among enterprises through institutional innovation in technology market intermediaries is a core issue facing both theoretical research and policy practice. The establishment of the National Technology Transfer Center is an important institutional arrangement for the government to build a professional technology market intermediary system and address the disconnect between supply and demand of scientific and technological achievements. A-share listed companies from 2010 to 2022 were employed as the research sample. Based on a quasi-natural experiment of the establishment of the National Technology Transfer Center, the difference-in-differences method was adopted to identify the impact and mechanism of technology market intermediaries on enterprise collaborative innovation. It is found that the establishment of the National Technology Transfer Center significantly promotes enterprise collaborative innovation, a conclusion that remains valid after a series of robustness tests. Mechanism tests reveal that the National Technology Transfer Center effectively functions as a technology market intermediary, exerting a positive impact on enterprise collaborative innovation through two channels: promoting knowledge spillovers and driving resource integration. Further analysis indicates that the aforementioned facilitation effects are more pronounced in regions with more developed technology markets, in enterprises with stronger basic R&D capabilities, and in regions with greater technology resource mobility, revealing a three-pronged collaborative innovation promotion logic of “transferring out-receiving-smooth circulation”. These findings provide incremental evidence for local governments to further improve the technology market intermediary system and promote the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, and bear important practical implications for optimizing the efficiency of innovation resource allocation and activating the vitality of collaborative innovation among enterprises.