中美商业航天领域技术竞争态势比较研究 ——基于论文和专利数量的分析

Comparative Study on the Technological Competition Situation in the Commercial Aerospace Sector between China and the United States -- Analysis Based on the Number of Published Papers and Patents

摘要:

全球商业航天领域竞争日趋激烈，中美作为主要参与国，其技术发展路径与创新模式备受关注。本文基于商业航天领域的论文与专利数据，系统比较分析了两国技术研发的现状、趋势、创新主体及热点主题。研究发现，中国在该领域的资助有近八成来自国家自然科学基金，来源相对单一，仍以基础/前沿技术研发为主，研究主题侧重于为行业发展赋能及融合人工智能等技术，并日益重视星间通信等关键技术，专利布局主要集中在国内；相比之下，美国资助机构类型更为多元，通过多部门分散资助支持创新主体围绕不同需求开展研发，领域上更聚焦于太空资源开发等前沿领域，并积极进行全球化布局。基于对比分析，本研究认为我国商业航天应从加强前沿领域研究支持、加速大规模星座部署、深化国际合作三个方面着手，以应对当前的技术竞争态势。

Abstract:

The competition in the global commercial aerospace sector is becoming increasingly fierce. As major participants, China and the United States have attracted significant attention for their technological development paths and innovation models. Based on data from published papers and patents in the commercial aerospace field, this paper systematically compares and analyzes the current status, trends, innovation entities, and hot topics of technological research and development in the two countries. The study finds that China"s funding sources in this field are relatively single, with a focus on pure basic research. The research topics are primarily focused on empowering industry development and integrating technologies such as artificial intelligence, with increasing emphasis on key technologies such as inter-satellite communication. The patent layout is mainly concentrated domestically. In contrast, funding institutions in the United States are diverse and emphasize application-oriented basic research. The focus is more on frontier areas such as space resource development, and they actively pursue a global layout. Based on comparative analysis, this study suggests that China"s commercial aerospace industry should strengthen research support in frontier areas, accelerate large-scale constellation deployment, and encourage more international cooperation, in order to cope with the current technological competition situation.