数字赋能专精特新企业逆向创新机制研究 ——基于爱迪特的纵向案例研究

Digital Empowerment for Reverse Innovation of SRDI enterprises: A Longitudinal Case Study of Aidite

摘要:

在全球化深度调整与数字化全面渗透背景下，专精特新企业如何突破传统线性国际化路径并形成持续国际竞争力，仍缺乏充分解释。本文以爱迪特为纵向单案例，运用Gioia编码与过程追踪方法，考察数字赋能专精特新企业逆向创新的演化机制。研究发现：①专精特新企业逆向创新沿“本土验证—新兴市场放大—发达市场嵌入”路径逐步演进，具体表现为工艺逆向、产品逆向与市场逆向三个阶段；②其演进机理表现为：动因牵动逆向创新方向，资源拼凑构成资源受限条件下的行动方式，数字赋能通过需求数据化、资源模块化和能力可复制化提升资源重组效率，并推动动态能力生成。研究拓展了逆向创新在资源受限与强合规情境中的解释边界，揭示了数字技术将技术专长转化为国际市场能力的作用机制。

Abstract:

Driven by globalization and digitalization, numerous specialized and new enterprises have been propelled to the forefront of internationalization through policy and market forces. However, constrained by their "small-scale yet specialized" resource structure in capital, branding, compliance, and localization capabilities, they often struggle to directly enter high-end markets in developed countries. Based on the vertical single case of Aidite, this study employs Gioia coding and process tracing methods to trace its reverse innovation evolution path from "emerging markets to developed countries" empowered by digital technology. The research reveals that digitalization sequentially constructs a capability ladder from domestic substitution of high-end zirconia materials to global dental solution ecosystems through three stages: process reverse engineering, product reverse engineering, and market reverse engineering. Specialized, refined, and innovative enterprises achieve international expansion through reverse innovation via "local validation → emerging market scaling → developed market introduction." This study theoretically expands the connotation of reverse innovation in "small-scale yet specialized" enterprises and reveals the dynamic mechanism of digital empowerment for reverse innovation. Practically, it provides an actionable analytical framework for these enterprises to leverage digital technology to overcome resource constraints and design reverse internationalization pathways.