数智化转型如何驱动企业价值链跃迁？——基于理论建模与微观数据的双重检验

How Does Digital and Intelligent Transformation Drive Enterprise Value Chain Upgrading? Dual Evidence from Theoretical Modeling and Micro-level Data

摘要:

在全球价值链重构背景下，数智化转型已成为微观企业培育新质生产力、突破“低端锁定”的核心动能。针对现有研究在量化测度与数理推演上的不足，本文进行双重拓展：一是构建有效剥离“短期垄断溢价”与“低效技术冗余”的微观企业价值链跃迁指数；二是将数智化投入嵌入异质性企业模型，通过数理推演揭示转型红利与边际扩张成本的对冲机理。依托2014—2023年中国A股上市公司面板数据，实证考察其内在逻辑与边界条件。研究表明：数智化转型显著驱动了企业全球价值链地位的实质性攀升；机制检验发现，其通过破除组织信息摩擦提升资源配置效率，并依托技术溢出效应激发实质性创新产出，构筑了“技术-效率”双轮驱动路径，实现了理论建模与实证检验的双重闭环；此外，数智化驱动的价值链跃迁效应在面临激烈竞争倒逼、身处高水平数据市场、非国有及中部地区企业中更为凸显，进一步拓展了赋能的作用边界。研究结论不仅为精准评估微观主体价值链地位提供了量化工具，也为不同禀赋企业因地制宜制定转型战略及政府精准施策提供了经验启示。

Abstract:

Against the backdrop of global value chain restructuring, digital-intelligent transformation is regarded as the core driving force for microenterprises to cultivate new quality productive forces and escape low-end lock-in. Deficiencies existing in quantitative measurement and mathematical deduction of previous research are supplemented in two dimensions. A micro-firm value chain upgrading index is constructed to effectively separate short-term monopoly premiums and inefficient technological redundancies. Digital-intelligent investment was embedded into a heterogeneous enterprise model. The hedging mechanism between transformation dividends and marginal expansion costs is derived through mathematical deduction. Panel data of Chinese A-share listed firms from 2014 to 2023 were adopted to empirically test internal logic and boundary conditions. Substantial promotion of enterprises’ positions in global value chains is proven to be generated by digital-intelligent transformation. Organizational information frictions are removed to boost resource allocation efficiency in the transmission channel. Substantial innovation outputs are stimulated through technology spillover effects. A two-wheel driving path labeled “technology-efficiency” is formed accordingly. A dual closed loop covering theoretical modeling and empirical evidence is established. Stronger effects are detected among enterprises confronted with fierce market competition, enterprises located in well-developed data markets, non-state-owned enterprises and enterprises in central China. The effective scope of such enabling impacts is further defined by the above heterogeneous results. A quantitative instrument is provided for precise evaluation of microentities’ global value chain status by the research findings. Empirical references are supplied for enterprises with differentiated factor endowments to design customized transformation strategies. Targeted policy-making by administrative authorities is also supported by the empirical evidence.