人智协同如何重塑企业供应链韧性? ——破局“效率-韧性”悖论

Breaking the “Efficiency-resilience” Paradox: How Can Human-AI Collaboration Reshape Supply Chain Resilience?

摘要:

如何破解数字经济背景下的“效率—韧性”悖论，是企业应对复杂多变的市场环境所面临的重要问题。本文以中国沪深 A股上市公司2013-2024为研究样本，从资源协同理论和人机共生视角出发，采用自然语言处理方法和耦合协同模型度量企业“人智协同”水平，并检验其对企业供应链韧性的的影响及作用机理。研究发现:第一，人智协同对企业供应链韧性有明显的促进作用。第二，机制研究揭示人智协同从信息感知优化、网络重构驱动和敏捷反应三个微观途径，突破了“效率—韧性”的矛盾。第三，异质分析表明，在数字化程度高、公司治理水平低、东部与西部地区、环境不确定程度高的情况下，人智协同的赋能效果更加凸显，深刻印证了技术互补、制度代偿与动态匹配特征。此外，拓展性研究发现，人工智能与人力资本的深度耦合发挥出超越单一要素叠加的协同倍增效应，且人智协同不仅可以在微观企业之间形成明显的“同群”行为，还可以在宏观上形成战略性外溢，从而推动地区产业结构的升级。本文研究结论为我国政企在数字时代下建立人智协同共生机制，筑牢供应链安全防御体系提供理论依据和决策参考。

Abstract:

In the digital economy era, achieving a balance between supply chain efficiency and resilience has become a significant challenge for enterprises navigating volatile markets. Taking a human-machine symbiosis perspective based on resource orchestration theory, this study examines Chinese A-share listed companies on the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges between 2013 and 2024. Combining natural language processing technology with a coupling coordination model, the study measures the level of "human-AI synergy" and systematically examines its impact on corporate supply chain resilience and the underlying mechanisms. The findings indicate that: Firstly, human-AI synergy significantly enhances corporate supply chain resilience. Factor decomposition confirms that the deep coupling of artificial intelligence and human capital generates a synergistic multiplier effect that surpasses the sum of its parts. Secondly, mechanism testing reveals that human-AI synergy substantially resolves the "efficiency–resilience" paradox through three micro-level pathways: optimising information perception, driving network restructuring and enhancing agile response. Thirdly, heterogeneity analysis shows that the empowering role of human-AI synergy is particularly pronounced in highly digitalised environments, in regions with low corporate governance quality, in eastern regions，in western regions and in uncertain environments, which strongly confirms the characteristics of technological complementarity, institutional compensation and dynamic matching. Furthermore, an extended analysis indicates that human-AI synergy exhibits significant in-group imitation effects among individual firms and generates strategic spillovers at the macro level, driving regional industrial structure upgrading. The findings of this study provide important empirical evidence and decision-making references to help governments and enterprises build a symbiotic human-technology system.