数字技术能促进企业基础研究吗？—来自中关村海淀科技园的微观证据

Can Digital Technology Foster Corporate Basic Research? —Micro-Evidence from Haidian S&T Park in Zhongguancun

摘要:

加强企业基础研究是促进科技创新和产业创新深度融合、实现高水平科技自立自强的关键。基础研究面临着研发周期长、转化效率低等一系列瓶颈，而数字技术的出现给企业基础研究的发展带来了契机。本文将企业数字技术应用纳入企业基础研究的因果分析框架，以中关村海淀科技园2014—2019年企业数据、IncoPat专利数据库、A股上市公司2014—2024年数据集为研究样本，采用定性和定量相结合的方式实证检验了数字技术应用对企业基础研究的影响及其机制。研究发现，数字技术应用有助于促进企业基础研究，在一系列检验后结论依然稳健。作用机制结果表明，数字技术通过强化互联式创新、提升科技成果转化效率、优化创新要素结构和缓解企业创新风险，重构企业创新生态系统，进而赋能企业基础研究。异质性分析发现，数字技术对企业基础研究的赋能作用在国有企业、大型企业、联盟企业以及高新技术企业中更加显著。进一步分析发现，数字技术在促进企业基础研究时，也推动了企业关键核心技术突破。本研究验证了数字技术对企业基础研究的赋能作用，丰富了企业基础研究促进路径的理论认知，为破解中国产业核心技术“卡脖子”困境和完善企业基础研究政策提供了理论支撑和经验证据。

Abstract:

Strengthening the basic research of enterprises is the key to promote the deep integration of scientific and technological innovation and industrial innovation, and realize high-level scientific and technological self-reliance. However, basic research faces a series of bottlenecks such as long R&D cycle and low conversion efficiency. The emergence of digital technology has created new opportunities for the development of basic research in enterprises. This paper brings the application of enterprise digital technology into the causal analysis framework of enterprise basic research. Taking the enterprise data of Haidian S&T Park in Zhongguancun between 2014 and 2019, the patent data of the IncoPat database, and the data set of A-share listed companies from 2014 to 2024 as research samples, this paper empirically tests the impact of the application of digital technology on enterprise basic research and its mechanism by combining qualitative and quantitative methods. The study found that the application of digital technology helps to promote basic research of enterprises, and the conclusion is still robust after a series of tests. The findings on the mechanism of action indicate that digital technology restructures the corporate innovation ecosystem by enhancing interconnected innovation, improving the commercialization efficiency of scientific and technological achievements, optimizing the structure of innovation factors, and mitigating corporate innovation risks, thereby empowering corporate basic research. Heterogeneity analysis shows that the enabling effect of digital technology on enterprise basic research is more significant in state-owned enterprises, large enterprises, alliance enterprises and high-tech enterprises. Further analysis found that the application of digital technology promoted the basic research of enterprises and further promoted the breakthrough of key core technologies of enterprises. This study verifies the enabling effect of digital technology on enterprise basic research, enriches the theoretical cognition of the promotion path of enterprise basic research, and provides theoretical support and empirical evidence for solving the "bottleneck" dilemma of China''s industrial core technology and improving enterprise basic research policies.