智能经济的研究进展与未来展望

Research Progress and Future Prospects of the Smart Economy

摘要:

随着人工智能技术取得突破性进展，智能经济已跃升为数字经济发展的高级形态和培育新质生产力的核心引擎，引发学界广泛关注。研究从理论内涵、测度方法、效应机理、治理挑战四个维度，系统梳理并评述现有关于智能经济的研究成果。学界在内涵界定上已从“技术应用”上升为“经济形态变革”，形成了以“数据-算法-算力”三元协同与人机共生为核心的理论框架，并涌现出词元经济、具身智能等新概念；在测度方法上，综合指标体系构建是主流，揭示智能经济发展的区域异质性与收敛特征；在效应机理上，证实了智能经济在驱动全要素生产率增长、促进产业升级与实数融合、扩容消费场景、重塑就业结构以及推进绿色发展和区域协调等方面的关键作用；在治理层面，系统剖析从技术依附到算法风险的多重挑战，并提出增强制度弹性、构建敏捷治理框架等应对策略。最后，指出现有研究在理论建构、测度方法和实证深度上的不足，并从构建中国自主的智能经济学知识体系、深化微观机理与宏观效应的实证研究、加强治理风险和社会影响的系统性研究等方面展望了未来方向。

Abstract:

Breakthroughs in artificial intelligence technologies have elevated the smart economy to an advanced form of the digital economy and a core engine for fostering new quality productive forces, drawing extensive academic attention. This paper systematically reviews and comments on existing research achievements from four dimensions: theoretical connotation, measurement methods, effect mechanisms, and governance challenges. In terms of connotation definition, academic understanding has evolved from mere technical application to the transformation of economic forms, forming a theoretical framework built on the tripartite collaboration of data, algorithms and computing power as well as human-machine symbiosis. New concepts including token economy and embodied intelligence have also emerged. In respect of measurement methods, the construction of comprehensive indicator systems has become the mainstream approach, which reveals the regional heterogeneity and convergence characteristics of the smart economy. As for effect mechanisms, existing studies have verified that the smart plays a vital role in boosting total factor productivity, advancing industrial upgrading, promoting the integration of the real economy and the digital economy, expanding consumption scenarios, restructuring employment patterns, and facilitating green development and regional coordination. In the field of governance, scholars have analyzed multiple challenges ranging from technological dependence to algorithmic risks, and put forward countermeasures such as enhancing institutional flexibility and building an agile governance framework. Finally, this paper points out the deficiencies of current research in theoretical construction, measurement techniques and empirical depth. It also looks ahead to future research directions, including establishing an independent knowledge system for the smart economy with Chinese characteristics, conducting in-depth empirical research on micro mechanisms and macro effects, and strengthening systematic studies on governance risks and social impacts.